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Compare Andorra (2001) - Arctic Ocean (2007)

Compare Andorra (2001) z Arctic Ocean (2007)

 Andorra (2001)Arctic Ocean (2007)
 AndorraArctic Ocean
Administrative divisions 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Escaldes-Engordany, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria -
Age structure 0-14 years:
15.29% (male 5,425; female 4,917)

15-64 years:
72.06% (male 25,654; female 23,078)

65 years and over:
12.65% (male 4,299; female 4,254) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep -
Airports none (2000 est.) -
Area total:
468 sq km

land:
468 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Background Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra has achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Birth rate 10.29 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$385 million

expenditures:
$342 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997)		 -
Capital Andorra la Vella -
Climate temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 45,389 km
Constitution Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; approved by referendum 14 March 1993; came into force 4 May 1993 -
Country name conventional long form:
Principality of Andorra

conventional short form:
Andorra

local long form:
Principat d'Andorra

local short form:
Andorra		 -
Currency French franc (FRF); Spanish peseta (ESP); euro (EUR) -
Death rate 5.41 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $NA -
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: (3493) 280-2227; FAX: (3493) 205-7705 -
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

chancery:
2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017

telephone:
[1] (212) 750-8064

FAX:
[1] (212) 750-6630		 -
Disputes - international none some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient none -
Economy - overview Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 9 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products. Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh -
Electricity - exports NA kWh -
Electricity - imports NA kWh

note:
most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower		 -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Riu Runer 840 m

highest point:
Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m		 lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Environment - international agreements party to:
Hazardous Wastes

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998) -
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996); Spanish pesetas per US dollar - 149.40 (1998), 146.41 (1997), 126.66 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by Frederic de SAINT-SERNIN (since NA); Spanish Coprince Episcopal Monseigneur Joan MARTI Alanis (since 31 January 1971), represented by Nemesi MARQUES OSTE (since NA)

head of government:
Executive Council President Marc FORNE Molne (since 21 December 1994)

cabinet:
Executive Council or Govern designated by the Executive Council president

elections:
Executive Council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held 16 February 1997 (next to be held NA 2001)

election results:
Marc FORNE Molne elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - 64%		 -
Exports $58 million (f.o.b., 1998) -
Exports - commodities tobacco products, furniture -
Exports - partners France 34%, Spain 58% (1998) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem -
GDP purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (1996 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $18,000 (1996 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% -
Geographic coordinates 42 30 N, 1 30 E 90 00 N, 0 00 E
Geography - note landlocked major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Highways total:
269 km

paved:
198 km

unpaved:
71 km (1994 est.)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $1.077 billion (c.i.f., 1998) -
Imports - commodities consumer goods, food, electricity -
Imports - partners Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (1998) -
Independence 1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of France and Spain) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, tobacco, banking -
Infant mortality rate 4.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.62% (1998) -
International organization participation CCC, CE, ECE, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OSCE, UN, UNESCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO (observer) -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km -
Judicial branch Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional -
Labor force 30,787 salaried employees (1998) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (1998) -
Land boundaries total:
120.3 km

border countries:
France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km		 -
Land use arable land:
4%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
45%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
16% (1998 est.)		 -
Languages Catalan (official), French, Castilian -
Legal system based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction -
Legislative branch unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 16 February 1997 (next to be held NA February 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - UL 57%, AND 21%, IDN 7%, ND 7%, other 8%; seats by party - UL 16, AND 6, ND 2, IDN 2, UPO 2		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
83.47 years

male:
80.57 years

female:
86.57 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
NA

total population:
100%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%		 -
Location Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Map references Europe Arctic Region
Maritime claims none (landlocked) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France and Spain -
National holiday Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278) -
Nationality noun:
Andorran(s)

adjective:
Andorran		 -
Natural hazards snowslides, avalanches ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Natural resources hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Net migration rate 6.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Liberal Union or UL [Marc Forne MOLNE] (renamed Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA); National Democratic Group or AND [Ladislau BARO SOLA]; National Democratic Initiative or IDN [Vincenc MATEU Zamora]; New Democracy or ND [Jaume BARTOMEU Cassany]; Union of the People of Ordino (Unio Parroquial d'Ordino) or UPO [Simo DURO Coma]

note:
there are two other small parties		 -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 67,627 (July 2001 est.) -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 1.17% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors none -
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 16,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Roman Catholic (predominant) -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.11 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.01 male(s)/female

total population:
1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges

international:
landline circuits to France and Spain		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 32,946 (December 1998) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 14,117 (December 1998) -
Television broadcast stations 0 (1997) -
Terrain rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Total fertility rate 1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Transportation - note - sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Unemployment rate 0% -
Waterways none -
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